Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health

Preface Acknowledgments Part I. Basics of Genetics Chapter 1. Individual Differences: The Role of Genetics in Exercise Science and Health -Hidden Aspect of Average Values -Why Do We See Variation in a Physical Trait? -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein -Basic Cell Biology -DNA -Our Genetic Material as Chromosomes -Special Focus: The Human Genome Project -RNA -Amino Acids and Proteins -Structure of Genes -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 3. Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code -Moving From DNA to RNA: Transcription -Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA -Moving From RNA to Protein: Translation -Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins -Genetic Code -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 4. Moving Genetic Material to the Next Generation -Basic Reproduction -Sex Cell Production and Meiosis -Special Focus: Mitosis Versus Meiosis -Chromosomal Recombination -Mendelian Inheritance Patterns -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 5. Heritability and the Basics of Genetic Variation -Familial Resemblance: Genes and Environment -Heritability as a Measure of Genetic Contribution -Special Focus: Twin and Family Studies -Genetic Variation -Types of Genetic Variation -Special Focus: Labeling Polymorphisms -How Genetic Variation Can Influence Physical Traits -How Do Polymorphisms Arise? Genetic Variation and Evolution -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 6. Genetic Variation and Disease -Mendelian Disease Genetics -Special Focus: Muscular Dystrophy -Complex Disease -Special Focus: Obesity as a Complex Trait -Gene x Environment Interactions -Gene x Gene Interactions -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 7. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, and Environmental Interaction -Recombination Revisited -Linkage Disequilibrium -Linkage Analysis in Families -Haplotype: Combinations of Neighboring Alleles -Special Focus: The International HapMap Project -Diplotype: Combinations of Haplotypes -Gene x Environment Interaction Revisited -An Introduction to Epigenetics -Summary -Learning Aids Part II. Research Design and Methods Chapter 8. Getting Started: Basic Skills for Genetics Research -Is Genetic Variation Important for My Trait of Interest? -Using PubMed -Interpreting Existing Literature -Identifying and Selecting Candidate Genes and Polymorphisms -Using Genome Databases -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 9. Issues in Study Design and Analysis -How Genetics Necessarily Alters Study Design -Typical Study Designs -Subject Recruitment -Geographical Ancestry -Special Focus: Race in Genetics -Prospective Versus Retrospective -Statistical Approaches -Interpretation of Results: Association versus Cause and Effect -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 10. Basic Laboratory Methods in Genetics -DNA from Blood or Cheek Cells -Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -Genotyping with Restriction Enzymes -Genotyping with Fluorescent Tags -Special Focus: DNA Microarrays -DNA Sequencing -Summary -Learning Aids Part III. Current Findings and Extensions of Genetics Research Chapter 11. Current Research Findings in the Genetics of Exercise Science and Health -Overview of Current Findings -Special Focus: The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes -ACTN3 and Muscular Performance -ApoE and Cognitive Impairment -ACE and Sport Performance -Myostatin and Muscle Mass -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 12. Personalized Medicine -Genetics and Complex Disease Revisited -Promise and Limitations of Personalized Medicine -Special Focus: Pharmacogenomics -Genetics in Nutrition and Exercise Prescription -Genetics in Disease Prevention -Summary -Learning Aids Chapter 13. Ethical Challenges in Genetics and Society -Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomics Gene Therapy for Disease Treatment -Special Focus: Stem Cells -Genetics in Sport: Genetic Testing and Gene Doping for Performance -Summary -Learning Aids Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions Appendix B: Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Glossary Bibliography Index About the Author

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